Hydrogen may become an important fuel as we transition to low-carbon energy sources. Its combustion produces no CO₂, but only water vapor and minor amounts of nitrogen oxides. Hydrogen can be produced from methane through oxidation (blue hydrogen), which produces as a final byproduct CO₂, which can be sequestered underground; or by splitting water molecules (green hydrogen), which can be powered entirely by renewable energy. It is thus viewed as a low-carbon alternative for vehicle fuel and electricity generation.

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a proposed method to reduce anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by capturing CO₂ emissions (e.g. from power plants) and storing CO₂ in a supercritical state in subsurface geological formations such as deep saline aquifers or depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs.